1.Portal Frame

Description: Portal frame structures are the simplest and most common type of steel framing. These structures consist of rigid frames that form the main load-bearing framework, often featuring straight columns and beams. They are typically used in buildings requiring large open spaces with minimal interior support, making them ideal for industrial buildings, warehouses, and agricultural buildings.

Example Applications: Factories, warehouses, large storage units, agricultural barns, and sports halls.

2. Frame Structure

Description: A frame structure uses vertical columns and horizontal beams connected by joints to create a rigid skeleton. This frame can support a variety of materials like concrete, glass, or steel panels, giving the building greater flexibility in design. It’s a versatile option for buildings that need to accommodate open spaces without many internal supports or walls.

Example Applications: Office buildings, skyscrapers, shopping malls, and conference centers.

3. Truss Structure

Description: Trusses are triangular units formed from smaller steel beams connected at joints. These structures are engineered to carry heavy loads over long spans without the need for intermediate supports, making them ideal for large, open spaces. Truss structures offer both strength and lightweight properties, enabling architects to create larger, unobstructed areas.

Example Applications: Bridges, sports arenas, large roof spans (such as stadiums), and transmission towers.

4. Grid Structure

Description: A grid structure is a three-dimensional framework of interconnected steel beams, forming a grid pattern. The design maximizes strength and stability while distributing loads evenly across the structure. It is particularly effective for large, open spaces with a need for both lightness and rigidity, such as large public or industrial spaces.

Example Applications: Airports, exhibition halls, gymnasiums, and large industrial warehouses.