Aluminium Bracelet Anode for Submerged Pipelines
Buried and subsea pipelines refer to pipelines installed underground or under sea water. The average low electrical resistance in groundwater and seawater simplifies cathodic protection operations for buried and subsea pipelines.
The most suitable anode for protecting buried and subsea pipelines is the bracelet anode. Factors affecting current demand in the ground and seawater are temperature, salinity and ocean currents. Typically, temperature is the most important factor. The stent anodes on subsea pipelines are usually arranged along the pipeline with certain intervals between them. The standard material for bracelet anodes is aluminum zinc indium, but zinc anodes are sometimes used. If the surface temperature of the pipe exceeds 50°C, bracelet-type zinc anodes are not suitable. When the pipeline is in a high temperature environment, we recommend using other types of anodes, arranged along the pipeline and connected to the pipeline by cables.
The electrical connection between the pipe and the anode is made with copper cables. Copper cables are thermally welded between the core and the pipe. Cathodic protection of pipelines requires providing sufficient current on the surface of the pipeline to lower the potential between the pipeline and the electrodes so that external corrosion becomes very weak.
Proper safety precautions should be followed when making electrical measurements. These measures include: Understand and master the necessary electrical safety precautions before installing, adjusting, repairing, removing or testing impressed current cathodic protection equipment.
The selection of cathodic protection parameters mainly includes protection potential and protection current density.
Cathodic protection potential of buried and subsea pipeline steel structures
Buried and subsea environments | Protection potential range (Ag/AgCl) |
Good ventilation or low SRB and sulfide content | -0.80~-1.05 |
Anaerobic environment or high SRB, sulfide content | -0.90~-1.05 |
Aluminum Anode
Chemical Composition
Type | Alloy Element | |||||||||
Zn | In | Si | Cu | Fe | Hg | Cd | Other | Al | ||
Each | Total | |||||||||
HB- I | 2.80-6.50 | 0.01-0.02 | 0.08-0.2 | 0.006max | 0.12max | - | 0.002 max | 0.02 max | 0.05 max | Balance |
HB- 2 | 4.75-5.75 | 0.016-0.02 | 0.08-0.12 | 0.003max | 0.06max | - | 0.002max | 0.02 max | 0.05 max | Balance |
HB-3 | 4.0-6.5 | 0.014-0.02 | 0.08-0.2 | 0.004max | 0.09max | 0.001max | - | 0.02 max | 0.1 max | Balance |
Electrochemical Performance
Type | Electrode Potential -V(vs Cu/CuSO4) | Current Efficiency %(vs Cu/CuSO4) | Generating Current (A.h)/kg(vs Cu/CuSO4) |
HB- I | 1.57 | 85 | 1150 |
HB- 2 | 1.15 | 85 | 1150 |
Aluminum Bracelet Anode
Anode | Weight Kg/pair | Diameter mm | Width mm | Thickness mm | Steel Core mm |
HM-13 | 13 | 819 | 60 | 30 | 5x25 |
HM-17 | 17 | 624 | 80 | 30 | 5x50 |
HM-26 | 26 | 252 | 250 | 45 | 5x50 |
HM-32 | 32 | 385 | 150 | 59 | 5x50 |
HM-50 | 50 | 470 | 480 | 25 | 5x50 |
HM-68 | 68 | 1020 | 200 | 35 | 5x50 |
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