Eco-friendly Carbonized Bamboo Board for Horse Stalls Horse Stable

Ranching was introduced in the southern part of the peninsula that constituted Marin County, California, when it was subdivided as land grants, including that given to William Richardson in 1838. Richardson called the 19,571 acre holding El Rancho Del Saucelito. The Bear Flag Revolt of 1846 and the subsequent American acquisition of California, however, eventually ruined Richardson in the frenzy of development and investment speculation that followed, so that following his death in 1856, his attorney Samuel Reading Throckmorton acquired the rancho. Throckmorton sold the southern portion of his property to the United States government as a military reservation and kept the bulk of the former rancho restricted as a hunting preserve. Following his death in 1883, the Tamalpais Land and Dairy Company acquired 3,800 acres of Throckmorton‘s land and developed Mill Valley, which became a colony of the middle and upper class.

Dairy ranching had begun insignificantly in Marin County during the mission and early rancho period, when cattle raising was intended for the hide and tallow industry. The Gold Rush of 1849, however, created an immediate market for dairy products in the boomtown San Francisco. Marin County, with its cool moist climate, sufficient fresh water, and long growing season, came to be acknowledged in that period as the premier dairy region for California. Ranches developed along Point Reyes and in Olema Valley in the 1850s and 1860s are credited with being instrumental in the development of California‘s dairy industry. Although the more expansive ranches of Point Reyes Peninsula are recognized as models for dairying history in the San Francisco Bay Area, the smaller farms in the southern Marin peninsula situated closer to San Francisco also were early producers who predominantly shipped fresh milk to the city. During the 1880s, small dairy ranches appeared across the Marin landscape.

What most distinguishes the southern Marin County dairies is the history of Portuguese immigrants that owned the majority of these small ranch properties from the nineteenth century into the 1950s. Portuguese immigration to the United States extended from the mid-1800s into the late 1920s and concentrated in two areas historically: New England and California. In California large numbers of Portuguese immigrants historically settled on farms, which, in consideration of the importance of agriculture in California‘s past, suggests the significance of this relatively inconspicuous community. Whereas the Portuguese were among several groups that operated dairies as tenants throughout California, including the rest of Marin County, in southern Marin they were a clear majority presence and employed specific financial strategies and made use of family and ethnic connections to acquire and retain ranch property for generations. The relatively small scale of the ranches made them affordable to those with limited capital, and the Azorean immigrant was particularly adept at subsisting on terrain that was relatively more rugged and less fertile than the other dairying areas of Marin County.

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