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The United States Department of Interior National Park Service (NPS) is undertaking the Marin Equestrian Stables Plan (Plan) to guide the future use and management of stables located on lands within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA, the Park) in southern Marin County, California. This Environmental Assessment is being prepared as required under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and follows National Park Service NEPA Guidance Handbook (DO12). The National Park Service currently manages three existing horse stables under permit by individual operators and a fourth stable operated by the NPS. The National Park Service has identified certain issues associated with these facilities that need to be addressed including site capacity, facility improvements, management, public benefit, and the protection and enhancement of important park resources. The federal action herein is the management of equestrian facilities, which in turn regulates the use, location and size of the stables and guides future leasing. This Plan is designed to address these issues and to achieve and maintain consistency with NPS management plans and policies. Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the NPS NEPA guidance handbook (DO-12), this Environmental Assessment (EA) was prepared to present a range of alternatives that could address the issues identified for stable operations, describe the potential environmental effects of each alternative, and identify a preferred alternative. Based on this EA and other available information, the NPS has selected Alternative B, Option B2 as the preferred alternative. Alternative B, Option B2 will guide management of these properties and the terms and conditions for future operator leases. This EA addresses the potential environmental effects associated with various proposed improvements at the stables. The specific mix of public and private equestrian programs at each site is not determined by this Plan but rather these management and program issues will be determined under future business leases. Ideas for public benefit and programs are listed in Appendix A to provide guidance to future leases.

(see Chapter . The minimal thickness(width) to withstand a horse kick can be obtained when solving Eq. for A, inserting the responsible impact load and the wood species´ specific shock resistance into the formula, and, subsequently, dividing A (minimal crosssection areas) by the typically provided width (thickness) of infill plank made of, e. g., LBL, azobé or opepe. The results obtained here (Table 1) show that infill planks made of LBL and azobé are kick resistant at their typically provided width (resp. thickness). Width (resp. thickness) could be decreased while kick resistance is maintained. Focusing on infill planks of stable front sides, the cross section of the planks is reduced due to the milling of air slots. Taking this reduction of cross section into consideration, planks made of LBL (130 mm) and azobé (97 mm) are further able to withstand a horse kick of 350 Joule. For planks made of opepe, a kick resistant width was calculated at 250 mm. Thisindicates that a single plank made of opepe cannot withstand a horse kick of 350 Joule. However, a firm bond of tongue and groove connected planks may be able to do this and has to be tested within further investigations. Tongue and groove connections cannot be applied in the case of planks with air slots (door fillings).

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