UWB Antenna For Wireless Applications Technology

Ultra-wideband wireless technology is a short-distance, the most advanced wireless communication technology that uses bandwidths above 1 GHz and has low signal power spectral density.

The technology was first proposed by the US Department of Defense in 1989, and in April 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued preliminary specifications for UWB equipment. At present, UWB technology is gradually getting more and more applications in short-range wireless communication.

The definition of UWB includes any system that uses an ultra-wide spectrum. Any radio system is called an ultra-wideband system as long as it meets one of the following conditions:

In (1) and (2), fH and fL are the high-end frequency and low-end frequency of the transmission bandwidth, respectively.
Ultra-wideband wireless communication has the following characteristics:

(1) High transmission rate. Because the frequency band of the system is very wide, according to the Shannon channel formula, in the case of a low signal-to-noise ratio, the system can also achieve a transmission rate of several hundred megabits per second to 1 Gbit/s over a short distance.

(2) High positioning accuracy. Because of the use of very short-duration narrow pulses and strong temporal and spatial resolution capabilities, the multipath resolution of UWB signals is extremely high.

Ultra-wideband radio communication can integrate positioning and communication. Unlike GPS, which provides absolute geographic location, a signal in the form of a baseband narrow pulse can give a relative position, and its positioning accuracy can reach centimeter level.

(3) Sharing spectrum. Because the signal is spread over a wide spectrum, the power spectral density emitted by the system is very low, which is similar to background noise for other systems, so it can share the spectrum with other narrowband signals.

(4) Strong penetrating power. Because the baseband narrow pulse contains more low-frequency components, it can smoothly pass through the ground, concrete, water, and other media for detection.

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