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Stainless steel is known for its exceptional properties, including high tensile strength, resistance
to corrosion and extreme temperatures.
Stainless steel alloys exhibit remarkable strength, ductility, and resistance to wear and corrosion.
They are well-suited for welding, machining, and polishing processes.
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Stainless steel is a recyclable alloy consisting of iron, carbon, and chromium
(ranging from 11% to 18%).
The inclusion of chromium enhances the steel's strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion,
particularly at elevated temperatures, preventing rust formation.
Stainless steel exhibits exceptional strength, corrosion resistance, ease of cleaning,
and sterilization properties, making it highly suitable for applications such as medical equipment.
It can withstand extreme temperatures and is well-suited for welding processes.
Common Stainless Steel Materials | |
No. | Properties |
Stainless steel 304/304L | Stainless steel 304L (CNC) has excellent mechanical properties and good machinability. Resistant to most environments and corrosive media. |
Stainless steel 316/316L | Stainless steel 316L (CNC) has similar mechanical properties to 304, with higher corrosion and chemical resistance. Ideal for marine applications. |
Stainless steel 303 | Stainless steel 303 (CNC) has excellent toughness, but lower corrosion resistance than 304. Ideal for high volumes, due to its excellent machinability. |
Stainless Steel 17-4 PH | Stainless steel 17-4 (CNC) - SAE grade 630 - is a precipitation hardening alloy with good corrosion resistance. Can be hardened up to 44 HRC. |
Stainless steel 416 | Stainless steel 416 is magnetic and has a high machinability. |
Stainless steel 2205 Duplex | Stainless steel 2205 Duplex (CNC) is the alloy with the highest strength and hardness. Suitable for applications in severe environments up to 300°C. |
Stainless steel 420 | Stainless steel 420 provides high strength and corrosion resistance. It is the hardest of all stainless steels when hardened. |
Stainless steel 440C | Stainless steel 440C has improved toughness and corrosion resistance due to Carbon and Chromium content. |
Stainless steel 430 | Stainless steel 430 is magnetic and corrosion resistant. |
Stainless steel 301 | Stainless steel 301 is corrosion resistant similar to Stainless steel 304. |
Stainless steel 15-5 | Stainless steel 15-5 has a higher toughness than 17-4, better corrosion resistance and transverse properties compared to other similar martensitic grades. |
Stainless Steel Finishing and Post-Processing
The finish of stainless steel can vary significantly depending on the surface roughness.
However, it is typically described as shinier compared to unfinished aluminum alloys,
and it tends to have a slightly darker and more silver color.
Stainless steel offers flexibility in achieving various surface finishes, including options such as
media blasting, sanding, hand-polishing, and powder coating.
These processes can be employed to achieve a wide range of surface finish textures and
appearances.
Name | Machining Marks |
Brushed + electropolishing | Removed on Primary surfaces |
Electroless nickel plating | Reduced but visible |
As machined | Visible, light surface scratches |
Smooth machining | Visible, light surface scratches |
Fine machining | Slightly visible |
Polishing | Removed on primary surfaces |
Bead blasting | Removed for non-cosmetic, removed on primary surfaces for cosmetic |
Brushing | Reduced for non-cosmetic, removed on primary surfaces for cosmetic |
Powder coating | Removed |
Black oxide | Visible |
CNC Machining Applications
CNC machining is a highly utilized subtractive manufacturing process employed across a
multitude of industries.
It plays a crucial role in aerospace, automotive, aviation, transportation, and numerous other
integral sectors.
For instance, in the aerospace industry, the production of airplane components demands an
exceptional level of precision to ensure the seamless functionality of the entire aircraft.
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FAQ's
1. How much does CNC stainless steel cost?
The cost of CNC machining stainless steel can vary depending on factors such as the part's
complexity, size, the type of stainless steel used, machine requirements, production time,
and raw material costs.
2. Material Finish
The finish of stainless steel can vary significantly based on surface roughness, but it typically
appears shinier than untreated aluminum alloys and has a slightly darker, more silver color.
Additionally, stainless steel can undergo various surface finishing processes, including media
blasting, sanding, hand polishing, and powder coating, to achieve a wide range of finishes.
3. What is the best stainless steel for CNC machining?
There are four primary stainless steel grades that are ideal for CNC machining:
1. 430F Stainless Steel: This grade is popular in machining industries due to its potential for
good feeds and speeds. It is a ferritic stainless steel similar to 430 but with increased sulfur
content to improve machinability.
2. 303 Stainless Steel: Among the 300 series, 303 stainless steel is the quickest to machine.
It maintains good corrosion resistance for industrial machining parts.
Its ease of modification makes it suitable for various parts like screws, nuts, bolts, gears,
and shafts.
3. Nitronic 60: This material offers superior wear and corrosion resistance, making it versatile
for a wide range of applications. It boasts a yield strength nearly double that of stainless steel
304 and greater oxidation resistance. Common uses include valve stems, fasteners, pins, seats,
shafts, rings, bushings, and bearings.
4. 17-4 PH Stainless Steel: Highly corrosion-resistant and strong, 17-4 PH stainless steel
maintains durability in high-temperature environments. The "PH" designation stands for
"precipitation-hardened," a treatment that increases its yield strength.
It is magnetic and heat treatable for enhanced hardness.
4. How thin can you machine stainless steel?
Machining stainless steel with thin walls requires special attention.
The absolute minimum thickness for metals is 0.5mm. However, to optimize cost and machining
efficiency, it's advisable to increase the thickness of thin walls to at least 0.8mm.
Thicker walls offer greater stability and cost advantages unless weight is a critical factor.
Thin features are prone to vibration, adding complexity and significantly extending machining time.