An anechoic chamber is a room that almost completely eliminates outside noise. It enables us to take very precise measurements using calibrated laboratory equipment. Originally these were designed for audible noise but the principles are the same for radio wavelengths. It does this by being designed in a way that all radio waves are absorbed instead of bouncing off of walls and objects so that readings taken in the room are of your equipment, undisturbed or influenced by other factors. This is the most accurate way to get true readings of the performance of your equipment.
The key characteristic of an anechoic chamber is that it’s designed to absorb reflections of waves within the chamber rather than have them bounce off the walls which would cause an echo. These chambers, if designed and assembled correctly, also do a great job at keeping waves from entering the chamber i.e. they provide shielding from outside interference.
Electronics engineers use anechoic chambers for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) or electromagnetic interference (EMI) and RF testing. The interior walls of these chambers are treated with special material to absorb electromagnetic waves. There are also audio anechoic chambers, designed for applications such as audio recording, that absorb sound waves rather than electromagnetic energy.
There are three main types of acoustic test chambers:
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