1. Mono-block pre-stressed concrete sleepers with P-clip

Mono-block pre-stressed concrete sleeper has an overall length of 2750mm and a weight of about 270kg, which has a trapezoidal cross section with a width of 154mm at the top and 250mm at the bottom and a height of 210mm at the rail seat. The sleeper is pre-stressed with 18 high tensile steel (HTS) strands of 3×3mm diameter and 126mm diameter mild steel links. The initial pre-stressing of the steel is 100 kg/cm2. The 28-day crushing strength of the concrete is not less than 525kg.The rail is placed on a grooved 130×130mm rubber pad. The fastening system is P-clip for 52kg rail, which are held in the cast iron inserts.

A. PCS-12 and PCS-14 concrete sleepers

PCS-12 concrete sleeper is the type of pre-stressed concrete sleeper for use on BG lines with 52kg rail and elastic rail clip. PCS-14 concrete sleeper is the type for use with 60kg rail and elastic rail clip, which has been standardized on Indian Railway.

2. Mono-block post-tension type of concrete sleepers for BG

In India the first factory for the manufacture of mono-block post-tension type of concrete sleeper was founded at Allahabad in collaboration with M/s Dyckerhoff and Widmann (D&W) of Germany.

The Size of the sleeper is 2750 mm in length, 160 mm (top) & 200mm (bottom) in width at centre, 180mm in depth at centre and 295kg in weight. Its design features are 37t initial pre-stressing force, 31t final pre-stressing force, 550 kg/cm2 minimum concrete strength in 28 days, 450 kg/cm2 minimum strength of concrete at the time of applying pre-stress.

3. Mono-block PRC sleepers for MG (PCS-17)

The design for mono-block PRC sleepers (PCS-17) has recently been standardized for MG, which has a trapezoidal cross section that is similar to that of BG sleeper. The concrete should have a 28-day compressive strength of 525 kg/cm2 with 2000mm in length and 158.5 kg in weight. Twelve 3×3mm strand of HTS wire tensioned to initial force of 2730kg PRC sleepers can be used for 90R rail with elastic rail clip and glass filled nylon liner (GFN 66) and on sole plates.

4. Two-block RCC sleeper for BG

The design for two-block RCC sleeper for BG has been standardized by RDSO on Indian Railway.

5. Two-block concrete sleeper for MG

Recently two-block concrete sleeper for use in MG has been developed. The sleeper is consisted of two cement concrete blocks. Each weighs about 36kg including a 7kg MS reinforcement. The sleeper blocks are connected by an angle tie bar of 55×50×6mm section and 1.5m in length. The rail is installed to the sleeper block by a clip and bolt arrangement or polythene dowel and rail screw. A pad is placed below the rail seat to provide cushioning.

Indian Railway has been modernizing its track fast to meet the needs of busy traffic transportation. For China enterprises, India is a prosperous and big market of railway products.