ASTM A178 / ASME SA178 Gr.A Carbon Steel ERW Tube Heat Exchanger Tube
Comparison with Other Standards
ASTM A192: For seamless boiler tubes, used in higher-pressure applications.
ASTM A210: Covers seamless medium-carbon steel tubes, offering higher strength than A178.
Grade A vs. Grade D: Grade D has higher carbon content (0.15–0.25%) for increased strength.
ASME SA178 Grade A Carbon Steel ERW Tube Chemical Composition
Element %. | ASTM A178/ ASME SA-178 | ||
Grade A | Grade C | Grade D | |
C | 0.06~0.18 | ≤0.35 | ≤0.27 |
Mn | 0.27~0.63 | ≤0.80 | 1.00~1.50 |
P | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 |
S | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.015 |
Si | - | - | ≥0.10 |
ASME SA178 Grade A Carbon Steel ERW Tube Mechanical Properties
ASTM A178 | Grade C | Grade D |
---|---|---|
Tensile strength ksi [MPa] | 60 [415] | 70 [485] |
Yield strength ksi [MPa] | 37 [255] | 40 [275] |
Eelongation in 2" min. % | 30 | 30 |
For longitudinal strip tests a deduction for each 1 ⁄ 32 in. [0.8 mm] decrease in 1.50A 1.50A wall thickness below 5 ⁄ 16 in. [8 mm] from the basic minimum elongation of the following percentage points shall be made. |
Manufacturing Process
ERW (Electric Resistance Welding): Sheets of steel are formed into a cylindrical shape, and edges are fused using electrical resistance. This method ensures precise dimensions and cost-effectiveness.
Post-Weld Heat Treatment: Often applied to relieve residual stresses and enhance mechanical properties.
Applications
Boilers and Superheaters: Designed for high-pressure, high-temperature environments (e.g., power plants, industrial boilers).
Heat Exchangers: Efficient thermal performance in HVAC and process industries.
Pressure Vessels: Suitable for moderate-stress applications due to ERW integrity.