Analysis of machining error
The so-called error refers to the difference between the real value and the theoretical value. For

machining production and manufacturing, usually the theoretical value obtained through model

calculation or drawing design is the design value after optimization and idealization. In the actual

processing process, this idealized theoretical value is impossible to achieve, because the theoretical

value does not consider the inherent errors of machining process and manufacturing equipment.

Therefore, machining error is inevitable. One of the fundamental objectives of machining error control

is to eliminate machining errors by adopting advanced machining methods and processes, or to strictly

control machining errors.

Combined with the causes of machining error, this paper deeply analyzes and discusses its influencing

factors, and gives some practical, effective and reliable error control methods.

1 cause analysis of machining error
There are many reasons for the formation of machining errors, and they will change with different

machining materials, different machining tools, different machining conditions and different lubrication

systems. Therefore, when analyzing machining errors, we must treat them according to specific

circumstances. Generally speaking, the causes of machining errors are mainly concentrated in the

following aspects.

1.1 error caused by stress or heating of process system
No matter plastic material processing or metal material processing, machining is a process system

under stress and heating. In such a system, the machining of the workpiece by the tool will inevitably

be accompanied by the problems of stress and heating. The stress of the workpiece will affect the

forming quality of the machined surface, and the heating will affect the thermodynamic performance

of the workpiece, It will also affect the product performance of the final parts. Especially for some parts

with particularly high surface quality requirements or high machining accuracy requirements, the errors

caused by heat or force in the machining process may lead to the scrapping of the whole machined

parts. Therefore, in the machining process, it is often necessary to use cutting fluid to lubricate and

cool the machining process system, which is also for the purpose of controlling and reducing

machining error.

1.2 positioning error
In machining, the workpiece needs to be positioned and clamped. Only the fixed workpiece can

successfully complete machining. In the process of workpiece positioning and clamping, people often

complete this process, which will inevitably lead to machining errors. Even for a fully automated

machining center, its positioning and clamping are completed automatically by the control system,

it is still inevitable to produce positioning errors. The accuracy of workpiece positioning and clamping

will directly affect the geometric dimension of the surface shape of the machined workpiece, which has

an important impact on the completion of assembly. Therefore, positioning error mainly refers to the

non coincidence degree of datum, which is the decisive factor affecting the error of machined

workpiece. In the actual machining process, the machining personnel cannot completely eliminate

the machining error caused by the positioning error, but within the allowable range of tolerance, the

influence of the machining error caused by the positioning error should be reduced or reduced as

much as possible, so that the machining error falls within the tolerance range.

1.3 adjustment error
Machining is composed of a series of different processes and steps. In the process of machining, it is

often necessary to fine tune the process after each step, such as re setting the tool, or positioning

contact or re clamping of the workpiece. In this process, new errors will inevitably occur. Therefore,

when other machining conditions are certain or no longer change, the adjustment error will play a

decisive role in the error accuracy of the machined workpiece.

1.4 geometric error of machining tools
In the process of machining, it is inevitable to use a variety of tools, such as turning tools, reamers,

boring tools, milling tools and grinding tools. Different tools will produce different machining errors in

the process of machining. Moreover, because the tools themselves are also manufactured by

machining, the tools themselves also have a certain accuracy, This makes the machining error

inevitable. On the other hand, the tool realizes the cutting and forming of the machined workpiece in

the process of continuous motion. The geometry of the machined workpiece surface is actually the

reflection of the cutting surface of the tool, so the geometric dimension accuracy error of the tool will

be directly transmitted to the surface of the machined workpiece, resulting in surface processing

error and affecting the surface quality of machining.

1.5 geometric error of machining machine tool
As we all know, machining is almost inseparable from machining machine tools. No matter how high

the precision of machining machine tools is, machining errors will inevitably occur. Before using the

machine tool for machining, the workpiece must be clamped and positioned first, and the fixture

positioning will produce error. On the other hand, in the process of realizing transverse feed and

longitudinal feed, due to the design processing error and transmission accuracy error of transmission

components such as guide rail and lead screw, machining error will also occur in the process of

machine tool processing. Generally speaking, in the process of machining and movement of each

part of the machine tool, the greatest impact on the machining error is the accuracy error of the guide

rail and the positioning error of the fixture. Therefore, the current measurement of machine tool

accuracy is mainly measured and investigated from these two aspects.

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