Macrophage cytotoxin;DifferentiaTumour necrosis factor-α,TNF test kit Tumor Maker Assay for Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic

CLIA Reagents of Tumor Maker(TNF-α)

^{TNF and clinical}

^{1.1 Application in tumor therapy
TNF exhibits tumor-killing or tumor-suppressing effects and immunomodulatory activities in human and murine tumor cell lines or primary cultured human cancer cells, as well as in tumor-bearing nude mice. Most of the application of TNF in the treatment of tumors is still in the clinical trial stage. It can also be combined with IL-2 to treat tumors. Currently, it is believed that the efficacy of systemic drugs is not as good as that of local drugs. The latter, such as intralesional injection, has high local concentration and mild side effects. . In recent years, TNF gene therapy has been used for clinical validation of tumors such as melanoma. In addition, intrapleural administration of TNF can significantly reduce or even completely eliminate cancer cells in the pleural effusion of patients with metastatic gastric and breast cancer.}

^{1.2 Septic shock
It is currently believed that disseminated intravascular coagulation and toxic shock caused by Gram-negative bacilli or meningococcus are caused by bacterial endotoxin stimulating the body to produce excessive TNF-α, causing fever, severe damage to the heart and adrenal glands, respiratory and circulatory failure, and even causing death, and its TNF level is positively correlated with case fatality rate. The pathogenesis may be that TNF stimulates endothelial cells, leading to inflammation, tissue damage and coagulation. TNF is also an important factor in acute liver necrosis. Peripheral blood cells in fulminant viral liver failure induce TNF, and the activity of IL-1 increases, which is related to the severity of the disease. The mechanism of TNF-mediated endotoxic shock is still unclear. It is believed that TNF can promote the production of IL-1 and leukotrienes by phagocytes and endothelial cells, leading to DIC and endotoxic shock. TNF antibodies (antisera or monoclonal antibodies) are effective in preventing lethal endotoxic shock in mice, rabbits and baboons.}

^{1.3 Cachexia
TNF-α, also known as cachexia, can induce cachexia in the body.}

^{1.4 The relationship between TNF and pathogens
TNF also has an antiviral effect similar to IFN, preventing the synthesis of the early protein of the virus, thereby inhibiting the replication of the virus, and has a synergistic antiviral effect with IFN-α and IFN-γ. On the other hand, TNF induces HIV-1 gene expression in T cells. TNF activates or induces NF-κB in HIV-infected CD4+ cells, and NF-κB binds to the enhancer site of HIV's long terminal repeat (LTR) and activates HIV genes, which may be related to the pathogenesis of AIDS. The production of TNF-α in monocytes of AIDS patients is increased, and the level of TNF-α in serum is increased. In addition, TNF also exhibits antibacterial and antimalarial efficacy.}

^{1.5 Relationship with Rheumatoid Arthritis
TNF can be detected in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which is considered to be related to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Various anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce TNF production. Currently, there are TNF antagonists on the market, such as etanercept, which can be used for the treatment of active rheumatoid joints and active ankylosing spondylitis.}